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Andrews’ experience illustrates lessons researchers have learned with each experiment involving what's called xenotransplantation. The first attempts using – two hearts and two kidneys – were short-lived.

Then researchers began considering patients not nearly as sick as prior recipients for these experiments — and an lasted 130 days before it had to be the record Andrews surpassed.

More than 100,000 people, most needing kidneys, are on the U.S. transplant list, and thousands die waiting.

Andrews, of Concord, New Hampshire, knew his blood type is particularly hard to match and sought an alternative, getting into shape to qualify for Mass General’s xenotransplant pilot study. His doctors said he remains on the transplant list.

In June, the Mass General team transplanted a pig kidney into another New Hampshire man who continues to fare well. The pilot study is set to conclude with a third pig kidney transplant later this year.

Two companies, eGenesis and United Therapeutics, are preparing to begin more rigorous clinical trials of pig kidney transplants.

Surgeons in China also are pursuing this new field, reporting a pig kidney transplant last spring and separately a transplanted pig liver that had to be removed after 38 days.

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The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content.